{
  "slug": "spaces-cold-start-linux",
  "question": "How fast does a Cua Space start on a Linux server?",
  "answer": "On an AWS c7g.2xlarge (Graviton3, 8 vCPU, 16 GB) running Ubuntu 24.04, a new headless gVisor Space ran its first command 350.9 ms after create (p50, n = 30), measured 2026-10-24 with the cua CLI from Cua Spaces 0.15.0.",
  "status": "measured",
  "url": "https://cua.ai/benchmarks/spaces-cold-start-linux",
  "csv": "https://cua.ai/benchmarks/spaces-cold-start-linux.csv",
  "markdown": "https://cua.ai/benchmarks/spaces-cold-start-linux.md",
  "group": "Start",
  "current": {
    "run": "2026-10-24",
    "schema": "cua.bench-result/v1",
    "bench": "spaces-startup.gvisor-headless-cli",
    "slug": "spaces-cold-start-linux",
    "metric": "create_to_first_exec_ms",
    "value": 350.9,
    "unit": "ms",
    "stat": "p50",
    "n": 30,
    "percentiles": {
      "p50": 350.9,
      "p90": 399.4,
      "p95": 404.9,
      "p99": 408.3,
      "min": 340.4,
      "max": 408.6
    },
    "extra": {
      "attempts": 30,
      "failed": 0,
      "mean_ms": 357.2,
      "create_ms_p50": 311.1,
      "exec_ms_p50": 39.3,
      "full_image_p50_ms": 363.4,
      "full_image_n": 30,
      "instance_usd_per_hour": 0.289
    },
    "samples_csv": "samples.csv",
    "measured_at": "2026-10-24T19:49:12Z",
    "build": {
      "cua": "0.9.0",
      "app": "0.15.0",
      "source": "Cua Spaces 0.15.0 linux-arm64 .deb (GitHub release cua-spaces-v0.15.0, published 2026-10-24T19:42Z; sha256 736495d2...d845), binary opt/Cua Spaces/resources/native/cua, `cua --version` = cua 0.9.0",
      "published": true
    },
    "host": {
      "name": "AWS EC2 c7g.2xlarge",
      "model": "c7g.2xlarge",
      "chip": "AWS Graviton3",
      "cpus": 8,
      "memory_gb": 16,
      "os": "Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS, kernel 7.0.0-1014-aws",
      "where": "AWS us-west-2 (on-demand)"
    },
    "environment": {
      "kind": "container",
      "runtime": "gvisor (runsc release-20261019.0, Docker 29.1.3)",
      "image": "ghcr.io/trycua/linux:24.04-slim (cached locally)",
      "headless": true,
      "load_avg_before": 0.29,
      "other_vms": 0,
      "network": "n/a (local create on the box)",
      "warm_pools": "off (CUA_POOL_AUTO=off, CUA_GVISOR_WARM=0)"
    },
    "method": "Released `cua` CLI on the box, isolated CUA_HOME, daemon `cua daemon start --foreground`. Serial, n=30. Per sample: t0 before `cua sb create linux --on local --headless --kind container --runtime gvisor --tier slim --name cb-lin-slim-<i> --json`; value = when `cua sb exec <name> -- echo ok` has returned 'ok' (two CLI process launches included). Then `cua sb rm --force` (not timed). Image pulled by a warmup create (excluded). Warm pools off, so each sample is a cold container start.",
    "reproduce": "# Ubuntu 24.04 arm64 with docker.io and gVisor runsc (`runsc install`)\ncurl -LO https://github.com/trycua/cua/releases/download/cua-spaces-v0.15.0/cua-spaces-0.15.0-linux-arm64.deb && dpkg -x cua-spaces-0.15.0-linux-arm64.deb rel\nexport PATH=\"$PWD/rel/opt/Cua Spaces/resources/native:$PATH\" CUA_HOME=$PWD/home CUA_POOL_AUTO=off CUA_GVISOR_WARM=0\ncurl -fLO https://cua.ai/benchmarks/spaces-cold-start-linux/files/cloud_start.py\ncua daemon start --foreground &\npython3 cloud_start.py local 1 warm --headless --kind container --runtime gvisor --tier slim   # excluded warm-up\npython3 cloud_start.py local 30 lin-slim --headless --kind container --runtime gvisor --tier slim",
    "caveats": [
      "Timed through the CLI: two CLI process starts (create, then exec) are included.",
      "The full desktop image, headless, took p50 363.4 ms (n = 30)."
    ],
    "sources": [],
    "status": "measured"
  },
  "earlier": []
}